
Фото Cyprus Mail
Рождественские традиции обычно воспринимаются как что-то теплое и семейное. На самом деле есть в них и немало страшных, мистических моментов. Издание Cyprus Mail описывает такие обычаи на Кипре и в других странах Европы.
Злобные тролли
Кипрский фольклор рассказывает о троллях (кипрск. «калликандзари»), которые живут у корней древа, соединяющего наш мир с подземным царством. Тролли проводят весь свой год под этим деревом, прорубая себе путь во внешний мир, и выскакивают на поверхность сразу после Рождества. Этот период, 12 дней от Рождества до Крещения, называется по-гречески «додекаимеро». Злобные маленькие черные существа с крысиными хвостами, ослиными ушами, обезьяньими лапами и кабаньими клыками появляются на земле в этот период, потому что Христос еще не крещен и не может защитить человечество от зла. Таким образом, люди остаются без божественной помощи, и это дает троллям возможность уносить еще некрещеных младенцев. Накануне Крещения, то есть 5 января, они исчезают до следующего года.

Двойник св. Николая
В Австрии местные жители испокон веков верили, что у св. Николая есть темный двойник: омерзительное существо по имени Крампус. Он бродит по улицам в поисках детей, которые плохо себя ведут. В течение декабря на улицах австрийских городов можно ожидать появления ужасающих фигур в масках и костюмах, которые пугают детей и взрослых.

Черепа и людоеды
В Уэльсе, когда в канун Нового года хозяева открывают двери гостям, их может поджидать на крыльце жуткое существо – лошадиный череп, завернутый в развевающийся плащ. В глазные впадины черепа вставлены искусственные глазные яблоки, а рот слегка приоткрыт. Этого новогоднего персонажа зовут Мари Лойд.

В Исландии во время Рождества на земле хозяйничает Грила, гигантская людоедша, которая живет в пещере и выходит на охоту за детьми. Их она похищает, уносит к себе и съедает. В этом ей помогает гигантский черный кот Йолакоттуринн, который развлекается тем, что ловит детей вместо мышей.

Все эти верования на определенном этапе стали выполнять педагогическую роль, чтобы заставить детей быть послушными и удобными для взрослых. Однако современная психология категорически отвергает запугивание как средство воспитания.
Фото: cyprus-mail.com
Эта статья была впервые опубликована в «Вестнике Кипра» 26 декабря 2022 года. Часть информации могла устареть.
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Подписаться1 Application of terms
1.1 These Terms apply to your use of the Website. By accessing and using the Website:
a you agree to these Terms; and
b where your access and use is on behalf of another person (e.g. a company), you confirm that you are authorised to, and do in fact, agree to these Terms
on that person’s behalf and that, by agreeing to these Terms on that person’s behalf, that person is bound by these Terms.
1.2 If you do not agree to these Terms, you are not authorised to access and use the Website, and you must immediately stop doing so.
2 Changes
2.1 We may change these Terms at any time by updating them on the Website. Unless stated otherwise, any change takes effect immediately. You are responsible for ensuring you are familiar with the latest Terms. By continuing to access and use the Website, you agree to be bound by the changed
Terms.
2.2 We may change, suspend, discontinue, or restrict access to, the Website without notice or liability.
2.3 These Terms were last updated on 29th May 2020.
3 Definitions
In these Terms:
including and similar words do not imply any limit
Loss includes loss of profits, savings, revenue or data, and any other claim, damage, loss, liability and cost, including legal costs on a solicitor and own client basis
personal information means information about an identifiable, living person
Terms means these terms and conditions titled Terms and conditions of use
Underlying System means any network, system, software, data or material that underlies or is connected to the Website
We, us or our means VESTNIK KIPRA Group
Website means https://vkcyprus.com/
You means you or, if clause 1.1b applies, both you and the other person on whose behalf you are acting.
4 Your obligations
4.1 You must provide true, current and complete information in your dealings with us and must promptly update that information as required so that the
information remains true, current and complete.
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We (and our licensors) own all proprietary and intellectual property rights in the Website (including all information, data, text, graphics, artwork, photographs, logos, icons, sound recordings, videos and look and feel), and the Underlying Systems.
6 Disclaimers
6.1 To the extent permitted by law, we and our licensors have no liability or responsibility to you or any other person for any Loss in connection with:
a the Website being unavailable (in whole or in part) or performing slowly;
b any error in, or omission from, any information made available through the Website;
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countries. You are responsible for ensuring that your access to and use of the Website is not illegal or prohibited, and for your own compliance with
applicable local laws.
7 Liability
7.1 To the maximum extent permitted by law:
a you access and use the Website at your own risk; and
b we are not liable or responsible to you or any other person for any Loss under or in connection with these Terms, the Website, or your access and use of (or inability to access or use) the Website. This exclusion applies regardless of whether our liability or responsibility arises in contract, tort (including negligence), equity, breach of statutory duty, or otherwise.
8 Privacy policy
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8.2 The personal information you provide to us is collected and may be used for communicating with you, statistical analysis, the marketing by us of products
and services to you, credit checks (if necessary), and research and development.
8.3 We may also collect technical information whenever you log on to, or visit the public version of, our Website. This may include information about the way
users arrive at, browse through and interact with our Website. We may collect this type of technical information through the use of cookies and other
means. Cookies are alphanumeric identifiers that we transfer to your computer’s hard drive to enable our systems to recognise your browser. If you want
to disable cookies, you may do so by changing the settings on your browser. However, if you do so, you may not be able to use all of the functions on the
Website. We use the technical information we collect to have a better understanding of the way people use our Website, to improve the way it works and
to personalise it to be more relevant and useful to your particular needs. We may also use this information to assist in making any advertising we display
on the Website more personalised and applicable to your interests.
8.5 Generally, we do not disclose personal information to third parties for them to use for their own purposes. However, some of the circumstances in which
we may do this are:
a to service providers and other persons working with us to make the Website available or improve or develop its functionality (e.g. we may use a third
party supplier to host the Website);
b I n relation to the proposed purchase or acquisition of our business or assets; or
c where required by applicable law or any court, or in response to a legitimate request by a law enforcement agency.
8.6 Any personal information you provide to us may be stored on the secure servers of our trusted service providers
9 Suspension and termination
9.1 Without prejudice to any other right or remedy available to us, if we consider that you have breached these Terms or we otherwise consider it
appropriate, we may immediately, and without notice, suspend or terminate your access to the Website (or any part of it).
9.2 On suspension or termination, you must immediately cease using the Website and must not attempt to gain further access.
10 General
10.1 If we need to contact you, we may do so by email or by posting a notice on the Website. You agree that this satisfies all legal requirements in relation to written communications.
10.2 These Terms, and any dispute relating to these Terms or the Website, are governed by and must be interpreted in accordance with the laws of the
Republic of Cyprus.
Each party submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of the Republic of Cyprus in relation to any dispute connected with these Terms or the
Website.
10.3 For us to waive a right under these Terms, the waiver must be in writing.
10.4 Clauses which, by their nature, are intended to survive termination of these Terms, including clauses 5, 6, 7, 10.1, continue in force.
10.5 If any part or provision of these Terms is or becomes illegal, unenforceable, or invalid, that part or provision is deemed to be modified to the extent
required to remedy the illegality, unenforceability or invalidity. If a modification is not possible, the part or provision must be treated for all purposes as
severed from these Terms. The remainder of these Terms will be binding on you.
10.6 These Terms set out everything agreed by the parties relating to your use of the Website and supersede and cancel anything discussed, exchanged or
agreed prior to you agreeing to these Terms. The parties have not relied on any representation, warranty or agreement relating to the Website that is not
expressly set out in the Terms, and no such representation, warranty or agreement has any effect from the date you agreed to these Terms.
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